ASTM - A 178/A 178M – 02 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon- Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes1

ASTM - A 178/A 178M – 02 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon- Manganese Steel Boiler andSuperheater Tubes1

   

ASTM - A 178/A 178M – 02 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon- Manganese Steel Boiler andSuperheater Tubes1

Designation: A 178/A 178M – 02

Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon- Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 178/A 178M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope*

1.1 This specification2 covers minimum-wall-thickness, electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues, and safe ends.

NOTE 1—Type C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge welding.

1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1⁄2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.035 to 0.360 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive, in minimum wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.
1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 450/A 450M Specification for General Requirements for
Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes3

1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.

Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002 . Published November 2002. Originally published as A 178 – 35 T. Last previous edition A 178/A 178M –95 (2002).

2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-

cation SA-178 in Section II of that Code.

E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing4
E 273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Longitudinal
Welded Pipe and Tubing4

3. Ordering Information

3.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (electric-resistance-welded tubes),
3.1.3 Grade (A, C, or D, Table 1),
3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
3.1.5 Length (specific or random),
3.1.6 Optional requirements (product analysis, Section 7; crush test, Section 10; hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test, 11.6),
3.1.7 Test report required (Certification Section of Specifi- cation A 450/A 450M),
3.1.8 Specification designation,
3.1.9 Individual supplementary requirements, if required, and
3.1.10 Special requirements.

4. Manufacture

4.1 The steel for Grade D shall be killed.
4.2 Tubes shall be made by electric-resistance welding.

5. Heat Treatment

5.1 After welding, all tubes shall be heat treated at a temperature of 1650°F [900°C] or higher and followed by cooling in air or in the cooling chamber of a controlled- atmosphere furnace. Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated after the final cold-draw pass at a temperature of 1200°F [650°C] or higher.

3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

A 178/A 178M – 02

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

Composition, %

NOTE 3—Explanatory Note—For purposes of design the following tensile properties may be assumed for Grade A tubes:

Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 47 [325]

Element

Grade A,

Low-Carbon

Steel

Grade C,

Medium- Carbon Steel

Grade D, Carbon-

Man- ganese Steel

Yield Strength, min, ksi [MPa] 26 [180] Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 35

Carbon 0.06–0.18 0.35 max 0.27 max

Manganese 0.27–0.63 0.80 max 1.00–1.50

Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.035 0.030

Sulfur, max 0.035 0.035 0.015

Silicon ... ... 0.10 min

10. Crush Test

10.1 When required by the purchaser, crushing tests shall be made on sections of tube 21⁄2 in. [63 mm] in length which shall stand crushing longitudinally without cracking, splitting, or opening at the weld, as follows:

6. Chemical Composition

6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to

Wall Thickness of

Tubes, in. [mm]

Height of Crushed Section, in. [mm]

Grade A Tubes Grade C and D Tubes

chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.

0.135 [3.43] and under 3⁄4 [19] or until outside

folds are in contact

Crush tests not required

6.2 When a grade is ordered under this specification, sup-
plying an alloy grade that specifically requires the addition of any element other than those listed in Table 1 is not permitted.

7. Product Analysis

7.1 When requested on the purchase order, a product analy- sis shall be made by the manufacturer or supplier from one tube per 100 pieces for sizes over 3 in. [76.2 mm] and one tube per
250 pieces for sizes 3 in. [76.2 mm] and under; or when tubes are identified by heat, one tube per heat shall be analyzed. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.
7.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional lengths of flat-rolled stock or tubes shall be made. Both retests, for the elements in question, shall meet the requirements of the specification; otherwise all remaining material in the heat or lot (Note 2) shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer, each length of flat-rolled stock or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Lengths of flat- rolled stock or tubes which do not meet the requirements of the specifications shall be rejected.

NOTE 2—A lot consists of 250 tubes for sizes 3 in. [76.2 mm] and under and of 100 tubes for sizes over 3 in. [76.2 mm], prior to cutting to length.

8. General Requirements

8.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con- form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A 450/A 450M unless otherwise provided herein.

9. Tensile Requirements

9.1 Grade C and D tubes shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements

Over 0.135 [3.43] 11⁄4 [32] ...

10.2 Table 3 gives the computed minimum elongation values for each 1⁄32-in. [0.8 mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between two values shown above, the minimum elongation value shall be determined by the following equation:

E 5 48t 1 15.00 @E 5 1.87t 1 15.00#

where:

E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and,

t = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm].

10.3 For tubing less than 1 in. [25.4 mm] in outside diameter, the length of the specimen shall be 21⁄2 times the outside diameter of the tube. Slight surface checks shall not be cause for rejection.

11. Mechanical Tests Required

11.1 Flattening Test:
11.1.1 For Grade A, one flattening test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot (Note 2) or fraction thereof, and from each 2000 ft [600 m] or fraction thereof of safe-end material.
11.1.2 For Grades C and D, one flattening test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot (Note 2) or fraction thereof.
11.2 Flange Test:
11.2.1 For Grade A, one flange test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot (Note 2) or

TABLE 3 Minimum Elongation Values

Wall Thickness Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %A

Grade C Grade D

Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 60 [415] 70 [485] Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 37 [255] 40 [275] Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 30 30

in. mm

For longitudinal strip tests a deduction for each 1⁄32-in. [0.8 mm] decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [8 mm] from the

basic minimum elongation of the following percentage points shall be made.

A Calculated elongation requirements shall be rounded to the nearest whole

A See Table 3 for the computed minimum values.

number.

fraction thereof, and from each 2000 ft [600 m] or fraction thereof of safe-end material.
11.2.2 For Grades C and D, one flange test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot (Note 2) or fraction thereof. The width of the flange shall not be less than
75 % of that specified in Specification A 450/A 450M.
11.3 Crush Test—For Grade A, when required by the purchaser, one crush test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot (Note 2) or fraction thereof, and from each 2000 ft [600 m] or fraction thereof of safe-end material.
11.4 Tension Test—For Grades C and D, one tension test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot. The term lot for tension test requirements applies to all tubes prior to cutting, of the same nominal diameter and wall thickness, which are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and the same heat which are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, a lot shall include all tubes of the same size and heat, heat treated in the same furnace, at the same temperature, time at heat, and furnace speed.
11.5 Reverse Flattening Test—One reverse flattening test shall be made on each 1500 ft [450 m] of finished tubing.
11.6 Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test—Each tube shall be subjected to either the hydrostatic or the nonde- structive electric test. The purchaser may specify which test is to be used.

12. Forming Operations

12.1 When inserted in the boiler, tubes shall withstand expanding and beading without showing cracks or flaws, or opening at the weld. When properly manipulated, superheater tubes shall withstand all forging, welding, and bending opera- tions necessary for application without developing defects.

13. Product Marking

13.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A 450/A 450M, the letters “ERW” shall be legibly stenciled on each tube, or marked on a tag attached to the bundle or box in which the tubes are shipped.
13.2 The manufacturer’s name or symbol may be placed permanently on each tube by rolling or light stamping before normalizing. If a single stamp is placed on the tube by hand, this mark should not be less than 8 in. [200 mm] from one end of the tube.

14. Keywords

14.1 boiler tube; resistance welded steel tube; steel tube, carbon; welded steel tube

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements may become a part of the specification when specified in the inquiry or invitation to bid, and production order or contract. These requirements shall not be considered, unless specified in the order and the necessary tests shall be made at the mill.

S1. Additional Testing of Welded Tubing for ASME Requirements

S1.1 The weld seam of each tube shall be subjected to an ultrasonic inspection employing Practices E 273 or E 213 with the rejection criteria referenced in Specification A 450/ A 450M.
S1.2 If Practice E 273 is employed, a 100 % volumetric inspection of the entire length of each tube shall also be performed using one of the nondestructive electric tests per- mitted by Specification A 450/A 450M.
S1.3 The test methods described in the supplement may not be capable of inspecting the end portions of tubes. This condition is referred to as end effect. This portion, as deter- mined by the manufacturer, shall be removed and discarded.
S1.4 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A 450/A 450M, “S1” shall be added after the grade designation.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This section identifies the location of selected changes to this specification that have been incorporated since the last edition, A 178/A 178M-95 (2002), as follows:
(1) Paragraph 1.4 was deleted and the subsequent subsections were renumbered.
(2) Paragraph 2.1 was revised to delete the reference to
Specification A 520.
(3) Specification A 226/A 226M was deleted from Section 2.

______________________________________________________________________

ASTM - A178/A 178M – 02 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon- Manganese Steel Boiler andSuperheater Tubes1

ASTM – A0178/A 178M – 02 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon- Manganese Steel Boiler andSuperheater Tubes1

ASTM - A 0178/A 178M – 02 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon- Manganese Steel Boiler andSuperheater Tubes1

ASTM A 178/A 178M 02 Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon- Manganese Steel Boiler andSuperheater Tubes1

______________________________________________________________________

ASTM - A 139/A 139M – 04 - Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)1

ASTM - A 139/A 139M – 04 - Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)1

   

ASTM - A 139/A 139M – 04 - Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)1

Designation: A 139/A 139M – 04

Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 139/A 139M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope*

1.1 This specification covers five grades of electric-fusion (arc)-welded straight-seam or helical-seam steel pipe. Pipe of NPS 4 (Note 1) and larger with nominal (average) wall thickness of 1.0 in. [25.4 mm] and less are covered. Listing of standardized dimensions are for reference (Note 2). The grades of steel are pipe mill grades having mechanical properties which differ from standard plate grades. The pipe is intended for conveying liquid, gas, or vapor.

NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,”“ size,” and “nominal size.”

NOTE 2—A comprehensive listing of standardized pipe dimensions is contained in ASME B36.10M2.

NOTE 3—The suitability of pipe for various purposes is somewhat dependent on its dimensions, properties, and conditions of service. For example, for high-temperature service see applicable codes and Specifi- cation A 691.

1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or in SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system is to be used independently of the other.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A 691 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Elec- tric Fusion-Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products

1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys , and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.

Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally approved in 1932. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 139 – 00.

2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.

3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

E 59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition4
2.2 American Welding Society Standard:5
AWS B2.1 Standard for Welding Procedure and Perfor- mance Qualifications Welding Handbook, Vol 1, 8th ed
2.3 ASME Standards:6
ASME B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
ASME B36.19M Stainless Steel Pipe
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section IX, Weld- ing Qualifications

3. Ordering Information

3.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (electric-fusion-(arc) welded steel pipe),
3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
3.1.4 Size (NPS, or outside diameter, and nominal wall thickness, or schedule number),
3.1.5 Lengths (specific or random, Section 17),
3.1.6 End finish (Section 18),
3.1.7 Hydrostatic test pressure (Section 16, Note 8, and
Note 9),
3.1.8 ASTM specification designation, and
3.1.9 End use of material.

4. Process

4.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace.
4.2 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When steels of different grades are sequentially strand cast, identifi- cation of the resultant transition material is required. The producer shall remove the transition material by any estab- lished procedure that positively separates the grades.

NOTE 4—The term “basic-oxygen steelmaking” is used generically to

4 Withdrawn.

5 Available from American Welding Society, 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL

33135.

6 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

A 139/A 139M – 04

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

Element Composition, max, %

Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Carbon 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.30

Manganese 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.30 1.40

Phosphorus 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035

Sulfur 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035

describe processes in which molten iron is refined to steel under a basic slag in a cylindrical furnace lined with basic refractories, by directing a jet of high-purity gaseous oxygen onto the surface of the hot metal bath.

5. Manufacture

5.1 The longitudinal edges of the steel shall be shaped to give the most satisfactory results by the particular welding process employed. The weld shall be made by automatic (Note
5) means (except tack welds if used) and shall be of reasonably uniform width and height for the entire length of the pipe.

NOTE 5—Upon agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, manual welding by qualified procedure and welders may be used as an equal alternative under these specifications.

5.2 All weld seams made in manufacturing pipe shall be made using complete joint penetration groove welds.

6. Chemical Composition

6.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in Table 1 and the chemical analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.

7. Tensile Requirements for the Steel

7.1 Longitudinal tension test specimens taken from the steel shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2. At the manufacturer’s option, the tension test specimen for sizes 85⁄8 in. [219.1 mm] in outside diameter and larger may be taken transversely as described in 19.4.
7.2 The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam, by the halt in the gage of the testing machine, by the use of dividers, or by other approved methods. The yield strength corresponding to a permanent offset of 0.2 % of the gage length of the specimen, or to a total extension of 0.5 % of the gage length under load shall be determined.

8. Tensile Requirements of Production Welds

8.1 Reduced-section tension test specimens taken perpen- dicularly across the weld in the pipe, with the weld reinforce- ment removed, shall show a tensile strength not less than 95 %

TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements

	Grade A	Grade B	Grade C	Grade D	Grade E
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa]	48 [330]	60 [415]	60 [415]	60 [415]	66 [455]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa]	30 [205]	35 [240]	42 [290]	46 [315]	52 [360]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %:
Basic minimum elongation for walls 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm] and over in	35	30	25	23	22

thickness, longitudinal strip tests

For longitudinal strips tests, a deduction for each 1⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] 1.75A 1.50A 1.25 1.50 2.0 decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm] from the

basic minimum elongation of the following percentageA

Elongation in 8 in. or 200 mm, min, %B,C Inch Pound Units, 1500/specified minimum tensile strength (ksi)

SI Units, 10 300/specified minimum tensile strength [MPa]

A The table below gives the computed minimum values.

B For wall thicknesses 1⁄2 in. [12.7 mm] and greater, the elongation may be taken in 8 in. or 200 mm.

C The elongation in 8 in. or 200 mm need not exceed 30 %.

Wall Thickness Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %

in.	mm	Grade A	Grade B
5⁄16 (0.312)	7.9	35.00	30.00
9⁄32 (0.281)	7.1	33.25	28.50
1⁄4 (0.250)	6.4	31.50	27.00
7⁄32 (0.219)	5.6	29.75	25.50
3⁄16 (0.188)	4.8	28.00	24.00
5⁄32 (0.156)	4.0	26.25	22.50
1⁄8 (0.125)	3.7	24.50	21.00
3⁄32 (0.094)	2.4	22.75	19.50
1⁄16 (0.062)	1.6	21.00	18.00

Note—The above table gives the computed minimum elongation values for each 1⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between two values shown above, the minimum elongation value shall be determined by the following equation:

Grade Equation

Inch-Pound Units

Equation

SI Units

A	E = 56t + 17.50	E = 2.20t + 17.50
B	E = 48t + 15.00	E = 1.89t + 15.00
C	E = 40t + 12.50	E = 1.57t + 12.50
D	E = 48t + 8	E = 1.89t + 8
E	E = 64t + 2	E = 2.52t + 2

where:

E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and

t = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm]

of the minimum specified in Section 7. At the manufacturer’s option, the test may be made without removing the weld reinforcement, in which case the tensile strength shall be not less than that specified in Section 7.

9. Heat Analysis

9.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specified in Section 6. This analysis shall be made from a test ingot taken during the pouring of the heat. When requested by the purchaser, the chemical composition thus determined shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative, and shall conform to the requirements specified in Section 6.

10. Product Analysis

10.1 An analysis may be made by the purchaser on samples of pipe selected at random and shall conform to the require- ments specified in Section 6. Samples for chemical analysis, except for spectrochemical analysis, shall be taken in accor- dance with Method E 59. The number of samples shall be determined as follows:

NPS Number of Samples Selected

Under 14 2 for each lot of 200 pipes or fraction thereof

14 to 36, incl 2 for each lot of 100 pipes or fraction thereof

Over 36 2 for each 3000 ft or fraction thereof

10.2 Retests—If the analysis of either length of pipe or length of skelp does not conform to the requirements specified in Section 6, analyses of two additional lengths from the same lot shall be made, each of which shall conform to the requirements specified.

11. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations

11.1 Mass—The specified mass per unit length shall be calculated using the following equation:

M 5 C~D 2 t!t (1)

where:

C = 10.69 [0.02466],

M = mass per unit length, lb/ft [kg/m],

D = outside diameter, in. [mm], specified or calculated

(from inside diameter and wall thickness), and

t = specified wall thickness, in. (to 3 decimal places)

[mm] (to 2 decimal places)

NOTE 6—The mass per unit length given in ASME B36.10M and ASME B36.19M and the calculated mass given by the equation of 11.1 are for carbon steel pipe. The mass per unit length of pipe made of ferritic stainless steels may be about 5 % less, and that made of austenitic stainless steel about 2 % greater than the values given. The specified mass of an individual pipe length shall be calculated as its specified mass per unit length times its length.

11.1.1 The mass of any length of pipe shall not vary more than 10 % over its specified mass.
11.1.2 The mass of any length of pipe shall not vary more than 5 % under the specified mass if the specified wall thickness is 0.188 in. [4.78 mm] or less or more than 5.5 % under if the specified wall thickness is greater than 0.188 in. [4.78 mm].
11.1.3 The mass of a carload lot shall not vary more than
1.75 % under the specified mass. A carload lot is considered to be a minimum of 40 000 lb [18 Mg] shipped on a conveyance.
11.2 Thickness—The minimum wall thickness at any point shall be not more than 12.5 % under the nominal wall thickness specified.
11.3 Circumference—The pipe shall be substantially round. The outside circumference of the pipe shall not vary more than
61.0 %, but not exceeding 63⁄4 in. [19.0 mm], from the nominal outside circumference based upon the diameter speci- fied, except that the circumference at ends shall be sized, if necessary, to meet the requirements of Section 18.
11.4 Straightness—Finished pipe shall be commercially straight. When specific straightness requirements are desired, the order should so state,and the tolerance shall be a matter of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
11.5 Ovality (Out-of-Roundness)—The pipe diameter, within 4.0 in. [100 mm] of ends, shall not vary more than 1 % from the specified diameter as measured across any single plane with a bar gage, caliper, or other instrument capable of measuring actual diameter.

12. Finish

12.1 Repair by Welding—The manual, or automatic arc, welding of injurious defects in the pipe wall, provided their depth does not exceed one third the specified wall thickness, will be permitted. Defects in the welds, such as sweats or leaks, shall be repaired or the piece rejected at the option of the manufacturer. Repairs of this nature shall be made by com- pletely removing the defect, cleaning the cavity, and then welding.
12.2 All repaired pipe shall be tested hydrostatically in accordance with Section 16.

13. Retests

13.1 If any specimen tested under Sections 8 or 15 fails to meet the requirements, retests of two additional specimens from the same lot of pipe shall be made, all of which shall meet the specified requirements. If any of the retests fail to conform to the requirements, test specimens may be taken from each untested pipe length, at the manufacturer’s option, and each specimen shall meet the requirements specified, or that pipe shall be rejected.

14. Number of Production Test Specimens

14.1 One longitudinal tension test specimen specified in
19.2 shall be made from the steel of each heat, or fraction thereof, used in the manufacture of the pipe.
14.2 One reduced-section production weld test specimen specified in 19.5 shall be taken from a length of pipe from each lot of 3000 ft (914 m) of pipe, or fraction thereof, of each size and wall thickness.
14.3 If any test specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws not associated with the quality of the steel or the welding, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted.
14.4 Each length of pipe shall be subjected to the hydro- static test specified in Section 16.

15. Qualification of Welding Procedure

15.1 Welding procedures shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements of AWS B2.1; ASME Boiler and

A 139/A 139M – 04

Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX; or other qualification pro- cedures as noted in the American Welding Society Welding Handbook. Tests and test values shall be as specified in 15.2 and 15.3.
15.2 Two reduced-section tension specimens made in accor- dance with Fig. 1, with the weld reinforcement removed, shall show a tensile strength not less than 100 % of the minimum specified tensile strength of the grade of steel used.
15.3 Bend test specimens (two face-bend and two root-bend or four side-bend as designated by the welding procedure according to thickness) shall be prepared in accordance with Fig. 2 and shall withstand being bent 180° in a jig substantially in accordance with Fig. 3. The bend test shall be acceptable if no cracks or other defects exceeding 1⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in any direction are present in the weld metal or between the weld and the pipe metal after bending. Cracks that originate along the edges of the specimens during testing, and that are less than 1⁄4 in. [6.4 mm] in any direction shall not be considered. (If necessary, the specimen shall be broken apart to permit examination of the fracture.)

16. Hydrostatic Test (Note 7)

16.1 Each length of pipe shall be tested by the manufacturer to a hydrostatic pressure that will produce in the pipe wall a stress of not less than 60 % of the specified minimum yield strength at room temperature. The pressure shall be determined by the following equation:

P 5 2St/D (2)

where:

P = hydrostatic test pressure, psi [MPa] (not to exceed

2800 psi [19.3 MPa] in any case) (Note 8),

S = 0.60 to 0.85 times the specified minimum yield

strength of the grade of steel used in psi [MPa],

t = specified wall thickness, in. [mm], and

D = specified outside diameter, in.[mm]

NOTE 7—A hydrostatic sizing operation is not to be considered a hydrostatic test or a substitute for it.

NOTE 8—When the diameter and wall thickness of pipe are such that the capacity limits of testing equipment are exceeded by these require-ments, the test pressures may be reduced by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

NOTE 9—Where specified in the purchase order, the pipe may be tested: (1) to 1.5 times the specified working pressure, provided the test pressure does not exceed 2800 psi [19.3 MPa] or produce a fiber stress in excess of

85 % of the specified minimum yield strength for the applicable pipe

Metric Equivalents

in. 0.01 1⁄4 11⁄2 10

mm 0.3 6.4 38 250

FIG. 1 Reduced-Section Tension Test Specimen

Metric Equivalents

in. 1⁄16 11⁄2 6 mm 1.6 38 150

NOTE 1—Weld reinforcement may or may not be removed flush with the surface of the specimen.

NOTE 2—Shown in Fig. 2 is a root- or face-bend specimen. Side-bend specimens shall have a thickness (T) of 3⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) and a width equal to the pipe wall thickness.

FIG. 2 Guided-Bend Test Specimen

grade, or (2) to a fiber stress of 85 % or less of the specified minimum yield strength for the applicable pipe grade, provided that the test pressure does not exceed 2800 psi [19.3 MPa].

16.2 Test pressure shall be held for not less than 5 s, or for a longer time as agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

17. Lengths

17.1 Pipe lengths shall be supplied in accordance with the following regular practice:
17.1.1 Specific lengths shall be as specified on the order with a tolerance of 61⁄2 in. [12.7 mm], except that the shorter lengths from which test coupons have been cut shall also be shipped.
17.1.2 Unless otherwise specified random lengths shall be furnished in lengths averaging 29 ft [8.9 m] or over, with a minimum length of 20 ft [6.1 m], but not more than 5 % may be under 25 ft [7.6 m].
17.1.3 Pipe lengths containing circumferentially welded joints (Note 6) shall be permitted by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. Tests of these welded joints shall be made in accordance with the production weld tests described in Section 8. The number of production weld tests shall be one for each lot of 100 joints or fraction thereof, but not less than one for each welder or welding operator.

NOTE 10—Circumferentially welded joints are defined for the purpose of these specifications as a welded seam lying in one plane, used to join lengths of straight pipe.

18. Ends

18.1 Pipe shall be furnished with plain right-angle cut or beveled ends as specified. All burrs at the ends of pipe shall be removed.
18.2 When pipe is specified to have the ends prepared for field welding of circumferential joints, the ends shall be beveled on the outside to an angle of 35°, measured from a line drawn perpendicular to the axis of the pipe, with a tolerance of
621⁄2 ° and with a width of root face (or flat at the end of the pipe) of 1⁄16 6 1⁄32 in. [1.6 6 0.8 mm]. Unless otherwise specified, the outside circumference of pipe ends for a distance of not less than 4 in. [101.6 mm] shall not vary more than

A 139/A 139M – 04

660 % of the nominal wall thickness of the pipe from the nominal outside circumference based on the diameter speci- fied, except that the tolerance shall be not less than 63⁄16 in. [4.8 mm].
18.3 Pipe ends for use with mechanical couplings shall have tolerances within the limits required by the manufacturer of the type of coupling to be used.
18.4 Upon agreement between the purchaser and the manu- facturer, the ends of the pipe may be sized within agreed-upon tolerances, if necessary to meet the requirements of special installations.

19. Production Test Specimens and Methods of Testing

19.1 The test specimens and the tests required by these specifications shall conform to those described in Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
19.2 The longitudinal tension tests specimen of the steel shall be taken from the end of the pipe in accordance with Fig.
4, or by agreement between the purchaser and the manufac- turer, or may be taken from the skelp or plate, at a point which will be approximately 90° of arc from the weld in the finished pipe.
19.3 If the tension test specimen is taken transversely, the specimen shall be taken in accordance with Fig. 5.
19.4 The specimens for the reduced-section tension test of production welds shall be taken perpendicularly across the weld at the end of the pipe. The test specimens shall have the weld approximately in the middle of the specimen. The specimens shall be straightened and tested at room tempera- ture.

FIG. 4 Location from Which Longitudinal Tension Test

Specimens Are To Be Cut from Large Diameter Tubing

FIG. 5 Location of Transverse Tension Test Specimen in Ring Cut from Tubular Steel Products

19.5 Reduced-section tension test specimens shall be pre- pared in accordance with Fig. 1.

20. Inspection

20.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have entry, at all times while work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works that concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this specification. All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment and, unless other- wise specified, shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. If agreed upon, the manufacturer shall notify the purchaser in time so that he may have his inspector present to witness any part of the manufacture or tests that may be desired.
20.2 Certification—Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturer’s certification that the mate- rial was manufactured and tested in accordance with this specification together with a report of the chemical and tensile tests shall be furnished.

21. Rejection

21.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufacturer may be inspected by the purchaser and, if it does not meet the requirements of this specification based on the inspection and test method as outlined in the specification, the length may be rejected and the manufacturer shall be notified. Disposition of

rejected pipe shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
21.2 Pipe found in fabrication or in installation to be unsuitable for the intended use, under the scope and require- ments of this specification, may be set aside and the manufac- turer notified. Such pipe shall be subject to mutual investiga- tion as to the nature and severity of the deficiency and the forming or installation, or both, conditions involved. Disposi- tion shall be a matter for agreement.

22. Protective Coating

22.1 If agreed upon between the purchaser and the manu- facturer, the pipe shall be given a protective coating of the kind and in the manner specified by the purchaser.

23. Product Marking

23.1 Each section of pipe shall be marked with the manu- facturer’s distinguishing marking, the specification number, the grade of pipe, and other marking if required and agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
23.2 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 23.1, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identification method. The purchaser may specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used.

24. Keywords

24.1 arc welded steel pipe; fusion welded steel pipe; steel pipe; welded steel pipe

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue, A 139 – 00, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved March 1, 2004)
(1) Revised Sections 1, 3, 7, 11, 16, 17, and 18, Table 2, and Figures 1 and 2 to include rationalized SI units, creating a combined standard.

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ASTM - A139/A 139M – 04 - Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)1

ASTM – A0139/A 139M – 04 - Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)1

ASTM - A 0139/A 139M – 04 - Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)1

ASTM A 139/A 139M 04 Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)1

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ASTM - A 135 – 01 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe1

ASTM - A 135 – 01 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe1

    

1. Scope
1.1 This specification2 covers two grades of electric-resistance welded steel pipe in NPS 2 to NPS 30 inclusive,with nominal (average) wall thickness up to 0.500 in. (12.70 mm), inclusive, and in nominal sizes NPS 3⁄4 to NPS 5 inclusive with nominal (average) wall thickness 0.083 in. (2.11 mm) to 0.134 in. (3.40 mm), depending on size. Pipe having other dimensions (Note 1) may be furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification. The pipe is intended for conveying gas, vapor, water or other liquid; only Grade A is adapted for flanging and bending (Note 2). The suitability of pipe for various purposes is somewhat dependent upon its dimensions, properties, and conditions of service, so that the purpose for which the pipe is intended should be stated in the order. The pipe may be furnished either nonexpanded or cold expanded at the option of the manufacturer. When pipe is cold expanded, the amount of expansion shall not exceed 1.5 % of the outside diameter pipe size.
5. Manufacture
5.1 The steel shall be made by either or both of the following processes: basic-oxygen or electric-furnace.
5.2 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When steels of different grades are sequentially strand cast, identification of the resultant transition material is required. The
producer shall remove the transition material by any established procedure that positively separates the grades.
5.3 The pipe shall be manufactured from flat rolled steel in individual lengths or in continuous length by electric-resistance or electric-induction welding without the addition of extraneous
material.
5.4 The weld seam of electric-resistance welded pipe to Grade B pipe shall be heat treated after welding to a minimum temperature of 1000 °F (540 °C) or processed in such a manner
that no untempered martensite remains.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 2, based on the heat analysis. When specified in the order, the heat analyses shall be reported to the purchaser or a
representative of the purchaser.
7. Product Analysis
7.1 An analysis may be made by the purchaser on samples of pipe selected at random and shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 2. Methods and Practices relating to
chemical analysis shall be in accordance with Test Method, Practices, and Terminology A 751.
9. Flattening Test
9.1 A specimen at least 4 in. (102 mm) in length shall be flattened cold between parallel plates in three steps with the weld located either 0° or 90° from the line of direction of force as required in 9.2. During the first step, which is a test for ductility of the weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces shall occur until the distance between the plates is less than two thirds of the original outside diameter of the pipe. As a second step, the flattening shall be continued. During the second step, which is a test for ductility exclusive of the weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces shall occur until the distance between the plates is less than one third of the original outside diameter of the pipe but is not less than five times the wall thickness of the pipe. During the third step, which is a test for soundness, the flattening shall be continued until the specimen breaks or the opposite walls of the pipe meet. Evidence of laminated or unsound material or of incomplete weld that is revealed during the entire flattening test shall be cause for rejection.
9.2 For pipe produced in single lengths, the flattening test specified in 9.1 shall be made on both crop ends cut from each length of pipe. The tests from each end shall be made alternately with the weld at 0° and at 90° from the line of direction of force. For pipe produced in multiple lengths, the flattening test shall be made on crop ends representing the front and back of each coil with the weld at 90° from the line of direction of force, and on two intermediate rings representing each coil with the weld 0° from the line of direction of force.
9.3 Surface imperfections in the test specimen before flattening, but revealed during the first step of the flattening test, shall be judged in accordance with the finish requirements in Section 13.
21. Packaging, Marking, and Loading for Shipment
21.1 When specified on the purchase order, packaging, marking, and loading for shipment shall be in accordance with Practices A 700.
21.2 When specified in the contract or purchase order, the material shall be preserved, packaged, and packed in accordance with MIL-STD 163. The applicable levels shall be as specified in the contract. Marking for shipment of such material shall be in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD 129 or Fed. Std. No. 183 if continuous marking is required for military agencies.
22. Keywords
22.1 eddy current testing; electric resistance welded pipe; hydrostatic testing; plain end pipe; Schedule 10 pipe; threaded pipe.

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ASTM - A0135 – 01 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe1
ASTM - A 0135 – 01 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe1
ASTM - A 135 – 01 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe1
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ASTM - A 134 – 96 (Reapproved 2001) - Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and Over)1

ASTM - A 134 – 96 (Reapproved 2001) - Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and Over)1

         

1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers electric-fusion (arc)-welded straight seam or spiral seam steel pipe NPS 16 and over in diameter (inside or outside as specified by purchaser), with wall thicknesses up to 3⁄4 in. (19.0 mm), inclusive. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided such pipe com- plies with all other requirements of this specification.
NOTE 1—Acceptability for many services may be controlled by codes or standards such as those published by the American National Standards Institute and American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
NOTE 2—For testing methods not specifically covered in this specifi- cation, reference can be made to Test Methods and Definitions A 370, with particular reference to Annex A 2 on Steel Tubular Products.
NOTE 3—A comprehensive listing of standardized pipe dimensions is contained in ANSI B 36.10.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
NOTE 4—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter”, “size”, and “nominal size”.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains specifically to Section 5 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
7. Retests
7.1 If any specimen tested in accordance with Section 10 fails to meet the requirements, retests of two additional specimens from the same lot of pipe shall be made, each of which shall meet the requirements specified. If any of the retests fail to conform to the requirements, test specimens may be taken from each untested pipe length at the manufacturer’s option. Each specimen shall meet the requirements specified, or that pipe shall be rejected.
8. Test Specimens of Production Welds
8.1 The weld-test specimens for the reduced-section tension test shall be taken perpendicularly across the weld and from the end of the pipe or alternatively, from flat test pieces of material conforming to the requirements in the specifications used in the manufacturer of the pipe. The alternative weld-test specimens shall be welded with the same procedure and by the same operator and equipment, and in sequence with the welding of the longitudinal joints in the pipe. The test pieces shall have the weld approximately in the middle of the specimen. The specimens shall be straightened cold, and shall be tested at room temperature.
8.2 Reduced-section tension-test specimens shall be pre- pared in accordance with Fig. number 21 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.

12. Permissible Variations in Weights and Dimensions
12.1 Thickness and Weight—The wall thickness and weight for welded pipe under this specification shall be governed by the requirements of the specifications to which the steel was ordered.
12.2 Circumference—The outside circumference of the pipe shall not vary more than 60.5 % from the nominal outside circumference based upon the diameter specified, except that the circumference at ends shall be sized, if necessary, to meet the requirements of Section 14.
12.3 Straightness—Finished pipe shall be commercially straight. When specific straightness requirements are desired, the order should so state, and the tolerances shall be a matter of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
12.4 Ovality—Out-of-roundness—The difference between major and minor outside diameter shall not exceed 1 %. Closer tolerances may be established by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Where the D/T (outside diameter/wall thickness) is over 120, internal bracing should be utilized to achieve sizing of ends and ovality shall be by agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.

18. Certification
18.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufac- tured and tested in accordance with this specification, including year date, together with a report of the chemical and tensile tests shall be furnished. The pipe grade shall be identified by  the plate specification designation (year date not required) and the plate grade (where applicable).
19. Product Marking
19.1 Each section of pipe shall be marked with the manu- facturer’s distinguishing marking, this specification number and the pipe grade. The marking need not include the year date of the pipe or plate specification.
19.2 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 19.1, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identification method. The purchaser may specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used.
20. Protective Coating
20.1 If agreed upon between the purchaser and the manu- facturer, the pipe shall be given a protective coating of the kind and in the manner specified by the purchaser.

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ASTM - A0134 – 96 (Reapproved 2001) - Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and Over)1
ASTM - A 0134 – 96 (Reapproved 2001) - Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and Over)1
ASTM - A 134 – 96 (Reapproved 2001) - Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and Over)1
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